Plato live from 428BC to 347BC. He had many influences in his early life. He was educated by Socrates and is known for his accomplishments. Plato was also significant for many reasons.
Plato was born to an upper class family (Stone 122) in 428BC. Although his original name was Aristocles his body's large form earned him the name Platon. His father died before he grew into manhood and his mother was married again to a man by the name of Pyrilampes. Although his parents and stepfather had early influences on his life Socrates was the most influential. Plato was not only a student of Socrates, but one his friends. In 407BC Plato became one of Socrates' students. Plato was a very devoted student of Socrates, who couldn't ignore his teachings.
One of Plato's accomplishments was founding the Academy in Athens in 387 BC. Plato would teach there when he was not on one of his journeys(Grant Michael 94). The academy was used to study philosophy and science. Plato also wrote twenty-six dialogs, and of these was The Republic, which the most significant.
Plato was made significant by many things. Two of these things were, recorded ideas from Socrates for the following generations and the fact that Aristotle was his student. Interestingly, Alexander the Great was the student of Aristotle. Plato also founded a lot of the western thoughts in logic, politics, philosophy, psychology.
Plato live from 428BC to 347BC. Although he had many influences in his early life Socrates was the biggest influence. Plato his known for his many accomplishments. He is also significant for many reasons.
Stone I.F. The Trial of Socrates. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1988.
Grant Michael. The Founders of the Western World: A History of Greece and Rome. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
Socrates lived from 470BC to 399BC. During his time Socrates was a philosopher.Socrates grew up in Athens. The father of this man was a stone mason and the mother a midwife. While Socrates was growing up, Athens shifted to its Golden Age. One of the things Socrates was and is still known for is the Socratic method. The Socratic method is used when one is trying to dissect an idea with another and the other person keeps on asking questions about the idea.
Eventually people started to get annoyed with Socrates' questions and he earned the nickname "The Gadfly." Eventually, the Athenians became tired of Socrates' questions. Socrates' charges were worshiping false gods and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates was sentenced to drink hemlock poisoning.
Socrates was a philosopher. He lived from 470BC to 399BC. The political view of Socrates is what really got him into trouble (Stone 138-139). Socrates was put to death with hemlock poisoning. Ironically, through his death, Socrates created his own legend (Grant 93).
Stone I.F. The trial of Socrates. Canada: Little Brown and Company, 1988.
Grant Michael. The Founders of the Western World: AHistory of Greece and Rome. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
The first well known logical person in Greece was Socrates. Socrates would ask questions like what is right, wisdom, beauty, or he would question people about piety. In Plato's Meno Socrates asks Meno, "Virtue then, as a whole or in part, is a matter of mindfulness?"source. However, Socrates' teachings and his questions eventually led to his demise. Plato's Meno was not about Plato himself. Rather, it was about Socrates and a man named Meno. The dialog between Socrates and Plato is on virtue. Socrates is continually asking Meno questions throughout the dialog. When Meno told Socrates, "I think so, Socrates, for justice is a virtue." source Socrates asked him, "Is it a virtue, Meno, or is it a virtue?-What do you mean?" sorce. What Socrates is using here is called the Socratic method, that is asking questions relating to the subject at hand. Interestingly enough, we don't have any writings from Socrates. The only reason we know about Socrates is that Plato and Xenophon wrote down Socrates' life, teachings and what he believed. However, even though Plato was one of Socrates' students he added his own ideas to Socrates' ideas (Source).
Throughout Plato's Meno Socrates asks questions as, "Virtue then, as a whole or in part, is a matter of mindfulness?"(Source) or, "Then, if that is how it is, the good are so by nature?"(Source) The method Socrates used is now called the Socratic method, that is when somebody constantly is questioning another about question at hand. This method will make the person listening to the questions think a little harder than they usually would about it if one did not use the Socratic method.(source)
In Athens people could speak with freedom. Socrates, however, took advantage of this (Stone 134). Socrates would ask the aristocratic youth of Athens questions about their belief of the truth of the popular opinions in Athens. The parents of these children, however, did not like the fact that Socrates was changing their childrens' views of life and other things in life. Socrates was soon accused of corrupting the younger people of Athens and disagreeing with the city's religion. Socrates was put to death by hemlock poisoning (Source).
The first well known logical person in Greece was Socrates. Socrates would ask questions like what is right, wisdom, beauty, or he would question the people about piety. In the end Socrates was sentenced to death by hemlock poisoning. Socrates believed that the Greek gods could only do good for human beings and their fellow gods (Phillips 280).
Stone, I.F. The Trials of Socrates.
Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 1988.
Phillips, Christopher. Six Questions of Socrates. New York: W.W.
Norton and Company, 2004.
The Greeks were influenced by the surrounding eastern countries in their art, literature, religion and philosophy, as well as their architecture (Grant 11). Three types of architecture the Greeks used were Doric, Ionic and the Corinthian.
The first of the stone temples were built in the Doric stile in Corinth (Grant 13). A temple was not regularly used as a place of worship for the Greeks, rather it served as a house for the god of the area the temple is in. The Greeks worshiped many different gods and goddesses. Different gods or goddesses were worshiped in different cities (Malam 14).
The Ionic temples stand on small base instead of directly on the floor. This style originated in the mid-16th century BC in Iona. In the mainland of Greece th Ionic order was being practiced in the 5th century BC. The temple of Hera on Samos, was the first of the Ionic temples. It was built by the architect Rhoikos in about 570 through 560 BC source.
The most ornate the three styles was the Corinthian style. This style was named after the city, Corinth. This was also the least used style of the Greek peoples. This style was the third style of architecture used.
The Greeks were greatly influenced by the surrounding eastern cities. They were especially influenced by their architecture (Grant 11). Three of the styles they used were the Doric, the Ionic and the Corinthian.
Grant, Michael. The Founders of the Western World: A History of Greece and Rome. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
Malam, John. Ancient Greece.
New York: Enchanted Lion Books, 2004.
The Iliad and the Odyssey were Homer's first two great works of art. Homer could have written these poems during the dark ages. The Iliad and the Odyssey are still used in just about every high school in America.
Homer's first two greatest works of art were the Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer is thought to have lived during the dark ages. However, his birthplace is not known for sure, due to the fact that several countries claim to have been his birthplace. It is very likely that he came from the western coast of Asia minor, from the Island of Chios (Snodgrass 15).
The Iliad is based on Troy's story. This poem retells man's struggle against fate in a bloody, morbid, gruesome mighty war. The Odyssey, however, is about fearless Odysseus, working against nature's mysterious forces. Homer portrays his view of life in both of these stories. His view of life was that it was dangerous, thrilling and glorious (Weigel 41). However, his view of death was very different from his view of life. He viewed death as a dismal state (Wiegal 41).
Homer's writings were very influential. Homer created the perfect example for epic poetry in the Western literature. These two poems are also believed two have played a very important part of a young Greek's education. To this day most high schools in America include the Iliad and the Odyssey in their curriculum.
The Iliad and the Odyssey were Homer's first two great works of art. These poems show his view of death and life (Snodgrass 15). His writings still influence us today. As a matter of fact, it is because of Homer's and Hesiod's writings that we even study the Greek religion.
Snodgrass, Mary Elen. Cliff's Notes on Greek Classics. Lincoln Nebraska: Cliff Notes,
1988.
Weigel, James. Cliff's Notes on Mythology. Lincoln Nebraska: Cliff Notes,
1973.
There were three dynasties in the New Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom was the Eighteenth dynasty through the twentieth dynasty.
These dynasties lasted from 1550 through 1069BC.Ahmose was the first king of the eighteenth dynasty and the founder of the New Kingdom. He ruled from 1550 to 1526BC. His father was Tao II and his mother Queen Aahotep. He had one brother who's name was Kamos. His main wife was Ahmose-Nefretiri. He made the city of Thebes the capitol city. His achievements were driving out the Hyksos from Egypt, building temples and building pyramids. He died at about the age of thirty-five years. He was buried at Deir Abu el-Naga - Abydos.
The founder of the nineteenth dynasty was Ramesses the first. During his reign he moved the capitol city to Avaris. His main wife was Sit-Re. his successor was his son Seti I, whom was born of Queen Sit-Re. Ramesses the first reigned from 1292to 1290BC. After he died he was buried in the Valley of the Kings, but was later reburied in Deir el Bahri cache source.
Ramesses the second was also part of the New Kingdom. he was the father of more than one hundred children and had more than five wives. He was also known as Ramesses the Great. Interestingly enough he had red hair. This pharaoh ruled for more than ninety years (Shuter 36). Ramses II was buried in the Vally of the Kings when he died. Ramesses the second left behind more memorials than any of the other pharaohs before or after him (Meltzer 70).
Setnakht was the first pharaoh of the twentieth dynasty, which lasted from 1186 through 1069BC. This pharaoh had a very short reign of about three years. his son was Ramesses the third. Not much, however, is known about this pharaoh's background. Some egyptologists think that he was related to the nineteenth dynasty. This pharaoh, like many others, was buried in the Valley of the Kings in a tomb cut out of rock.
The end of the New Kingdom came when Invaders decided to take advantage of the Egyptians when their government was struggling. The Egyptian government was struggling because when they moved their capitol to Akenton there was a struggle for power involving the government officials. This struggle made Egypt break into smaller states, which made it weak. Then the invaders came in and took Egypt source.
The New Kingdom was made up of three dynasties. These dynasties were the eighteenth dynasty, the nineteenth dynasty and twentieth dynasty. The New Kingdom lasted from 1550BC until 1069BC when it met a tragic end.
Meltzer, Milton. In the Days of the Pharaohs: A Look at Ancient Egypt.
New York: Library of Congress, 2001.
Shuter, Jane. People Who Made History in Ancient Egypt.
Austen TX: Steck-Vaughn, 2001.
The Middle kingdom consisted of three dynasties. It lasted from 2125 B.C. to 1550 B.C. During the Middle Kingdom life was pretty stable for the Egyptians (Meltzer 46)
Intef the first was the founder of the eleventh dynasty of Egypt. He took Thebes as Egypt's capitol, and tried to reunite the northern and southern part of Egypt under the power of his reign. He was buried in the funeral complex he had built for him in Thebes source. The eleventh dynasty ended with Mentuhotep the third.
The twelfth dynasty was stjarted by Amenemhet the first. THis pharaoh's wife was Hemet. He very likely built his pyramid near the new capitol he built at Itj-towy. His pyramid was called "Cult Places of Amenemhet's Apperance."
The thirteenth dynasty was started by Wegaf. Wegaf Khutawyre reigned from 1782 to 1778, so he reigned for four years. As you can see he didn't reign for very long before he lost the throne. The fourteenth dynasty was the second intermediat period and lasted for about fifty-seven years. The fifteenth dynasty was started by Sheshi. Sheshi's wife was the daughter of Nehesy and his his was Yakubber. His third great grandchild was the daughter of Apepi the second.
The Middle Kingdom was the age that restored Egypt's prosperity (Casson 75). It was made of three dynasties. The Middle Kingdom was ended by an invasion from the Hyksos.
Meltzer, Milton. In the Days of the Pharaohs: A Look at Ancient Egypt.
New York: Franklin Watts, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt. New York:
Time Incorporated, 1965.
The Old Kingdom was made up of about three dynasties, the great age of building pyramids was in the Old Kingdom (Shuter 44). It was in the Old Kingdom that the Egyptians started to build pyramids. The Old Kingdom was very prosperous and peaceful (Casson 51).
The Old Kingdom was made up of the fourth dynasty through the sixth dynasty. The first pharaoh of the fourth dynasty was Sneferu. His wife was Hetepheres II. Interestingly, King Cheops or Khufu, who was the next pharaoh built the Pyramid of Giza (Shutter 12).
The pharaoh of the fifth dynasty, Userkaf became the pharaoh by marring into the royal family. We do not know anything about his background, probably because he was not of the royal family and tomb robbers could have ruined his burial site. He ruled for seven years, and built his pyramid at the northeast corner of Djoser's complex at Saqqara, wich is localy described as the ruined pyramid. This pyramid was stripped of all of the outer casing, and looks like a mound of rubble. source
The sixth dynasty was started with King Teti. He took the name Seheteptawy, this means,"He who pacifies the Two Lands" scource. A lot of the Egyptologists suggest that he reigned for about twelve years. He was married to Queen Iput I and had about three children. This king also had his pyramid built in Saqqara. However, we know very little about this man's reign.
The Old Kingdom collapsed when the sixth dynasty ended. this led into the century of trouble and famine. It is possible that it was the long reign of Pepi II, which, according to ancient sources, was for over ninety years, and it weakened the control of the central government. It also could have been destructive Nile floods that brought famine. the large buildings and the works of art ceased, it is very likely that the pyramids and tombs were robbed. Then under a new line of rulers from Thebes in the Eleventh Dynasty the country was reunited and the country restored. source
The Old kingdom was made of about three dynasties. The Old Kingdom was very prosperous and peaceful (Casson 51). However, the Old Kingdom met a very tragic end.
Shuter, Jane. People Who Made History in Ancient Egypt.
Steck-Vaughen: Austen, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt.
Time Incorporated: New York, 1965
Khufu was one of many Egyptian pharaohs. He ruled for many years, and is responsible for building one of the greatest cites in the world (Shuter 12). The pharaoh, Khufu,reigned from 2589 to 2566B.C. (Shuter 12). He was the second king in the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Khufu's original name was Khnum-Khufu, which means,"the god Khnum protects me." Khufu was known to the Greeks as Cheops. There is not much known about Khufu since his tomb was robbed.
Khufu was the son of King Sneferu and Hetepheres. Khufu had four wives (Shuter 12), three of them were Merey-it-is, Queen Henusten, and Merityotes. He had six sons (Shuter12), Kawab, Khufukhaf, Minnkhaf, Djedefhor, Djedefre and Khephren who is also known as Khafre.
Khufu's pyramid was built at Giza (Casson 129). This pyramid was 481 feet tall, and was made with over 2.5 million stone blocks that weighed about 2.5 tons each. There are theories about the construction of this pyramid. The first one is offered by experts, they think that slaves were forced to build the pyramid. the next suggestion is more thought out than the first, the suggestion is that the pyramid was built by many, many skilled workers who were camping close by the pyramids and would work for a salary until the pyramid was finished source.
We don't know much about this man's accomplishments, however, we do know that the Pyramid of Giza is Khufu's most famous project, and probably his greatest.
Khufu is one of Egypt's most famous pharaohs. He ruled for about twenty three years, and accomplished an amazing project without modern day technology to speed the process, which is pretty impressive.
Shuter, Jane. "People Who Made History in Ancient Egypt."
Austen: Steck-Vaughen, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. "Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt."
Canada: Library of Congress, 1965.
The Code of Hammurabi was a set of laws that covered almost every part of life. They were carved into stone, and were made to control the government.
Hammurabi, the creator of the Code of Hammurabi, was an Amorite king before he took the throne of Babylon, Hammurabi was then able to unify the people of the Fertile Cresant under one government and create an empire. After taking the Babylonian throne Hammurabi made a code of law. The code was made around 1700B.C.
Hammurabi created the code in order to inform the people of how they were to live and keep the government from corruption with over three hundred paragraphs and two hundred and eighty two laws. The code covered almost every single part of life for the Babylonians with thirty six-hundred thousand lines of cuneiform, which was a way of writing.
The Code of Hammurabi was carved into a black diorite stone. The stone itself is seven feet high and there are forty-nine columns on the stone. The code was logically and carefully arranged and the sections' orders were organized by the subject. The code has five sections, a code of laws, a handbook of duties and what is allowed of husbands, wives and children, a set of regulations that established wages and prices, and a code of ethics for doctors, merchants, and officials. scource.
Hammurabi, the Amorite king, who became the king of Babylon before making his code of laws, which were carved into stone. There were two hundred eighty two laws that covered almost all of the everyday life for Hammurabi's people.
