The Middle kingdom consisted of three dynasties. It lasted from 2125 B.C. to 1550 B.C. During the Middle Kingdom life was pretty stable for the Egyptians (Meltzer 46)
Intef the first was the founder of the eleventh dynasty of Egypt. He took Thebes as Egypt's capitol, and tried to reunite the northern and southern part of Egypt under the power of his reign. He was buried in the funeral complex he had built for him in Thebes source. The eleventh dynasty ended with Mentuhotep the third.
The twelfth dynasty was stjarted by Amenemhet the first. THis pharaoh's wife was Hemet. He very likely built his pyramid near the new capitol he built at Itj-towy. His pyramid was called "Cult Places of Amenemhet's Apperance."
The thirteenth dynasty was started by Wegaf. Wegaf Khutawyre reigned from 1782 to 1778, so he reigned for four years. As you can see he didn't reign for very long before he lost the throne. The fourteenth dynasty was the second intermediat period and lasted for about fifty-seven years. The fifteenth dynasty was started by Sheshi. Sheshi's wife was the daughter of Nehesy and his his was Yakubber. His third great grandchild was the daughter of Apepi the second.
The Middle Kingdom was the age that restored Egypt's prosperity (Casson 75). It was made of three dynasties. The Middle Kingdom was ended by an invasion from the Hyksos.
Meltzer, Milton. In the Days of the Pharaohs: A Look at Ancient Egypt.
New York: Franklin Watts, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt. New York:
Time Incorporated, 1965.
The Old Kingdom was made up of about three dynasties, the great age of building pyramids was in the Old Kingdom (Shuter 44). It was in the Old Kingdom that the Egyptians started to build pyramids. The Old Kingdom was very prosperous and peaceful (Casson 51).
The Old Kingdom was made up of the fourth dynasty through the sixth dynasty. The first pharaoh of the fourth dynasty was Sneferu. His wife was Hetepheres II. Interestingly, King Cheops or Khufu, who was the next pharaoh built the Pyramid of Giza (Shutter 12).
The pharaoh of the fifth dynasty, Userkaf became the pharaoh by marring into the royal family. We do not know anything about his background, probably because he was not of the royal family and tomb robbers could have ruined his burial site. He ruled for seven years, and built his pyramid at the northeast corner of Djoser's complex at Saqqara, wich is localy described as the ruined pyramid. This pyramid was stripped of all of the outer casing, and looks like a mound of rubble. source
The sixth dynasty was started with King Teti. He took the name Seheteptawy, this means,"He who pacifies the Two Lands" scource. A lot of the Egyptologists suggest that he reigned for about twelve years. He was married to Queen Iput I and had about three children. This king also had his pyramid built in Saqqara. However, we know very little about this man's reign.
The Old Kingdom collapsed when the sixth dynasty ended. this led into the century of trouble and famine. It is possible that it was the long reign of Pepi II, which, according to ancient sources, was for over ninety years, and it weakened the control of the central government. It also could have been destructive Nile floods that brought famine. the large buildings and the works of art ceased, it is very likely that the pyramids and tombs were robbed. Then under a new line of rulers from Thebes in the Eleventh Dynasty the country was reunited and the country restored. source
The Old kingdom was made of about three dynasties. The Old Kingdom was very prosperous and peaceful (Casson 51). However, the Old Kingdom met a very tragic end.
Shuter, Jane. People Who Made History in Ancient Egypt.
Steck-Vaughen: Austen, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt.
Time Incorporated: New York, 1965
Khufu was one of many Egyptian pharaohs. He ruled for many years, and is responsible for building one of the greatest cites in the world (Shuter 12). The pharaoh, Khufu,reigned from 2589 to 2566B.C. (Shuter 12). He was the second king in the fourth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Khufu's original name was Khnum-Khufu, which means,"the god Khnum protects me." Khufu was known to the Greeks as Cheops. There is not much known about Khufu since his tomb was robbed.
Khufu was the son of King Sneferu and Hetepheres. Khufu had four wives (Shuter 12), three of them were Merey-it-is, Queen Henusten, and Merityotes. He had six sons (Shuter12), Kawab, Khufukhaf, Minnkhaf, Djedefhor, Djedefre and Khephren who is also known as Khafre.
Khufu's pyramid was built at Giza (Casson 129). This pyramid was 481 feet tall, and was made with over 2.5 million stone blocks that weighed about 2.5 tons each. There are theories about the construction of this pyramid. The first one is offered by experts, they think that slaves were forced to build the pyramid. the next suggestion is more thought out than the first, the suggestion is that the pyramid was built by many, many skilled workers who were camping close by the pyramids and would work for a salary until the pyramid was finished source.
We don't know much about this man's accomplishments, however, we do know that the Pyramid of Giza is Khufu's most famous project, and probably his greatest.
Khufu is one of Egypt's most famous pharaohs. He ruled for about twenty three years, and accomplished an amazing project without modern day technology to speed the process, which is pretty impressive.
Shuter, Jane. "People Who Made History in Ancient Egypt."
Austen: Steck-Vaughen, 2001.
Casson, Lionel. "Great Ages of Man Ancient Egypt."
Canada: Library of Congress, 1965.
The Code of Hammurabi was a set of laws that covered almost every part of life. They were carved into stone, and were made to control the government.
Hammurabi, the creator of the Code of Hammurabi, was an Amorite king before he took the throne of Babylon, Hammurabi was then able to unify the people of the Fertile Cresant under one government and create an empire. After taking the Babylonian throne Hammurabi made a code of law. The code was made around 1700B.C.
Hammurabi created the code in order to inform the people of how they were to live and keep the government from corruption with over three hundred paragraphs and two hundred and eighty two laws. The code covered almost every single part of life for the Babylonians with thirty six-hundred thousand lines of cuneiform, which was a way of writing.
The Code of Hammurabi was carved into a black diorite stone. The stone itself is seven feet high and there are forty-nine columns on the stone. The code was logically and carefully arranged and the sections' orders were organized by the subject. The code has five sections, a code of laws, a handbook of duties and what is allowed of husbands, wives and children, a set of regulations that established wages and prices, and a code of ethics for doctors, merchants, and officials. scource.
Hammurabi, the Amorite king, who became the king of Babylon before making his code of laws, which were carved into stone. There were two hundred eighty two laws that covered almost all of the everyday life for Hammurabi's people.
